Understanding the Neurobiology of Depression: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Interventions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36676/ssjmra.v1.i2.15Keywords:
Depression, Neurobiology, Therapeutic interventions, Neurotransmitters, Neural circuitsAbstract
Depression is a complex and debilitating mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of research, our understanding of its neurobiological underpinnings remains incomplete. This review examines recent advances in the neurobiology of depression and their implications for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Key neurobiological findings suggest that depression involves dysregulation of multiple neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems, including the monoaminergic pathways (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the inflammatory response system. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in brain regions involved in emotion regulation, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus, as well as disruptions in neural connectivity patterns.
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