Understanding the Neurological Basis of Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Recent Studies

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a significant and growing public health challenge, with an increasingly aging global population. Despite decades of research, the underlying neurological basis of AD remains incompletely understood. This review aims to provide insights into the neurological mechanisms implicated in AD pathogenesis, drawing from recent studies and advances in the field.We begin by discussing the hallmark pathological features of AD, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, which are believed to contribute to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. We then delve into the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that influence disease susceptibility and progression, highlighting the importance of multifactorial etiology in AD.we explore emerging evidence implicating neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction as key drivers of AD pathology, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets for disease modification. We also examine the role of dysfunctional protein clearance mechanisms, such as autophagy and lysosomal degradation, in the pathogenesis of AD, and their implications for novel therapeutic interventions., we discuss recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, biomarker development, and disease modeling approaches that have revolutionized our ability to detect and monitor AD pathology in vivo, paving the way for earlier diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities in translating basic research findings into effective clinical interventions, including the development of disease-modifying therapies and the need for multidisciplinary collaborations to accelerate progress in the field.